Introduction
Pennsylvania’s diverse ecosystems, from its dense forests to suburban gardens, are home to a fascinating array of spiders. While some may elicit fear, most spiders play a crucial role in controlling insect populations. This guide highlights 10 common spiders you might encounter in Pennsylvania, shedding light on their behaviors, habitats, and importance.
1. Black Widow (Latrodectus variolus)
The Northern Black Widow is Pennsylvania’s most infamous spider. Recognizable by its jet-black body and red hourglass marking, it prefers dark, secluded areas like woodpiles or sheds. While its bite is venomous, it’s rarely life-threatening to humans.
2. Brown Recluse (Not Found in PA)
Despite myths, the Brown Recluse is not native to Pennsylvania. Misidentifications are common; spiders like the Woodlouse Hunter or Cellar Spider are often mistaken for it.
3. Bold Jumper (Phidippus audax)
This small, vibrant spider is a favorite among arachnid enthusiasts. Males display metallic green chelicerae, while females have orange markings. Bold Jumpers are harmless and often seen hunting in gardens or fields.
4. Orchard Orbweaver (Leucauge venusta)
Known for its striking green and silver body, this spider spins horizontal webs in gardens or orchards. Its long, thin legs and iridescent sheen make it a standout species.
5. Wolf Spider (Lycosidae family)
These robust hunters roam Pennsylvania’s forests and grasslands. With excellent vision and speed, they chase prey rather than relying solely on webs. Females carry their egg sacs and young on their backs.
Are Wolf Spiders dangerous?
+Their bite is painful but not medically significant. They’re more likely to flee than attack.
6. Marbled Orbweaver (Araneus marmoreus)
This colorful spider features a bulbous abdomen with orange, black, and white patterns. Its large, circular webs are often found in meadows or woodland edges.
7. Fishing Spider (Dolomedes tenebrosus)
Common near Pennsylvania’s wetlands, these semi-aquatic spiders can run on water to catch prey. Their bodies are brown with light markings, and they grow up to 3 inches in leg span.
8. Cellar Spider (Pholcus phalangioides)
Also called “daddy long-legs,” these spiders have long, thin legs and hang upside down in messy, irregular webs. They’re harmless and often found in basements or garages.
| Feature | Cellar Spider | Harvestman |
|---|---|---|
| Legs | 8 (spider) | 8 (not a spider) |
| Webs | Yes | No |
| Venomous | Yes (harmless) | No |
9. Woodlouse Hunter (Dysdera crocata)
This reddish-brown spider has powerful fangs designed for preying on pill bugs. Its bite is mildly painful to humans but not dangerous. It hides under rocks or logs.
10. Yellow Garden Spider (Argiope aurantia)
A true garden giant, this spider spins large, zigzag-patterned webs in sunny areas. Females have bright yellow and black markings and can grow up to 1 inch.
Conclusion
Pennsylvania’s spiders are as diverse as its landscapes. While some may startle, they’re essential for ecological balance. Understanding and respecting these creatures fosters a healthier relationship with the natural world.
What should I do if I find a spider indoors?
+Use a container to gently relocate it outdoors. Most spiders are harmless and prefer being outside.
How can I prevent spiders from entering my home?
+Seal cracks, reduce clutter, and eliminate insect attractants like outdoor lighting near windows.
By appreciating Pennsylvania’s arachnids, we contribute to a more informed and compassionate coexistence with these remarkable creatures.
