Nestled along the southeastern coast of the United States, Savannah, Georgia, is a city steeped in a rich military history that spans centuries. From the Revolutionary War to the Civil War and beyond, Savannah has played a pivotal role in shaping the military legacy of the nation. This historical tour will take you on a journey through time, exploring the sites, stories, and artifacts that bring Savannah's military past to life.
The Revolutionary War: Savannah’s First Military Chapter
The story of Savannah’s military history begins with the American Revolution. In 1778, the city became a strategic battleground as British forces launched an invasion, ultimately capturing Savannah and holding it until the war’s end. The Revolutionary War left an indelible mark on the city, and several sites pay homage to this era.
Battlefield Parks: Preserving History
Savannah is home to several parks that commemorate the battles fought during the Revolutionary War. One such park is Battlefield Memorial Park, located on the site of the Battle of Savannah in 1779. Here, you can walk the grounds where American and French forces attempted to retake the city from the British. The park features a monument honoring the French soldiers who fought and died in the battle.
Another significant park is Johnson Square, one of Savannah's original squares. During the Revolutionary War, this square served as a gathering place for Patriot forces and a site for military drills. Today, it is a peaceful oasis in the heart of the city, but its historical significance remains intact.
The Revolutionary War’s Impact on Savannah’s Architecture
The Revolutionary War also influenced the architectural landscape of Savannah. Many of the city’s historic homes and buildings date back to this period. For example, the Owens-Thomas House, built in 1819, features a unique blend of Federal and Regency architectural styles. This mansion, once owned by a prominent Savannah family, offers a glimpse into the city’s upper-class lifestyle during the post-Revolutionary War era.
The Civil War: A Divided Savannah
The Civil War brought further military significance to Savannah. As a vital port city, Savannah played a crucial role in the Confederacy’s supply lines. The city’s strategic location made it a target for Union forces, leading to a series of battles and ultimately, the famous March to the Sea led by General William T. Sherman.
Fort Pulaski: A Civil War Stronghold
One of the most notable military sites in Savannah is Fort Pulaski, located on Cockspur Island. This massive brick fort was constructed in the early 19th century as part of a coastal defense system. During the Civil War, it became a Confederate stronghold, but its fall to Union forces in 1862 marked a turning point in the war.
Today, Fort Pulaski is a National Monument, offering visitors a chance to explore its extensive network of tunnels, casements, and ramparts. The fort's museum showcases artifacts and exhibits that bring the Civil War to life, including cannons, uniforms, and personal items belonging to soldiers.
Savannah’s Civil War Heroes and Monuments
Savannah’s military legacy is honored through various monuments and memorials dedicated to its Civil War heroes. One such monument is the Confederate Monument in Forsyth Park, erected in 1879. This imposing statue pays tribute to the Confederate soldiers who fought and died during the war.
Additionally, the Savannah History Museum, located in the historic Central of Georgia Railway train shed, features a comprehensive exhibit on the Civil War. Here, visitors can learn about the daily lives of soldiers, the impact of the war on Savannah, and the city's role in the conflict.
Military Innovation and Technology
Savannah’s military history is not only about battles and monuments; it also showcases the evolution of military technology and innovation.
The Central of Georgia Railway: A Military Transportation Hub
The Central of Georgia Railway, which operated from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, played a vital role in military logistics. During the Civil War, the railway transported troops, supplies, and equipment, contributing to the war effort. The historic Central of Georgia Railway train shed, now part of the Savannah History Museum, stands as a testament to this era of military transportation.
The Mighty USS Savannah: A Naval Legacy
Savannah’s naval history is embodied in the USS Savannah, a heavy cruiser that served during World War II. This mighty warship, named after the city, played a crucial role in the Pacific Theater. The USS Savannah’s legacy is celebrated at the National Museum of the Mighty Eighth Air Force, where a scale model of the ship is on display, along with other naval artifacts and exhibits.
Preserving Military History: Museums and Exhibits
Savannah’s commitment to preserving its military history is evident in the numerous museums and exhibits dedicated to this aspect of the city’s past.
The Mighty Eighth Air Force Museum: A Tribute to Air Power
The National Museum of the Mighty Eighth Air Force is a must-visit for anyone interested in military aviation. This museum, located just outside Savannah, tells the story of the Eighth Air Force, which played a pivotal role in the air war over Europe during World War II. Visitors can explore interactive exhibits, view historic aircraft, and learn about the sacrifices made by airmen during the war.
The Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum: A Military-Inspired Struggle
While not a traditional military museum, the Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum in Savannah offers a unique perspective on the city’s history. The museum, named after a prominent civil rights leader, chronicles the struggle for racial equality in Savannah. This struggle, inspired by military discipline and strategy, is an essential part of the city’s legacy.
The Savannah History Museum: A Comprehensive Overview
The Savannah History Museum, located in the historic City Market, provides a comprehensive look at the city’s past, including its military history. Here, visitors can explore exhibits on the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, and the city’s role in both world wars. The museum also showcases artifacts, photographs, and documents that bring Savannah’s military past to the forefront.
Modern Military Connections
Savannah’s military legacy continues to influence the city’s present and future. Today, Savannah is home to several military installations and organizations that contribute to the city’s economy and culture.
Hunter Army Airfield: A Modern Military Hub
Hunter Army Airfield, located just outside Savannah, is a major military installation and an integral part of the city’s military landscape. This airfield, which dates back to World War II, is home to the Army’s 3rd Infantry Division and other military units. Visitors can learn more about Hunter Army Airfield and its role in modern military operations through educational programs and community events.
The Savannah College of Art and Design: Military-Inspired Art
The Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) is a renowned art and design university with a unique connection to the city’s military history. Many of SCAD’s buildings, including the historic Armory Building, were once part of Savannah’s military infrastructure. Today, these buildings serve as creative spaces for students, blending the city’s military past with a vibrant artistic present.
Conclusion: A Living Legacy
Savannah’s military legacy is a living, breathing part of the city’s identity. From its Revolutionary War beginnings to its modern-day connections, Savannah’s military history is woven into the fabric of the city. By exploring the sites, museums, and monuments dedicated to this legacy, visitors can gain a deeper understanding of the city’s past and its impact on the nation’s military history.
What is the significance of Savannah’s military history?
+Savannah’s military history is significant because it played a crucial role in shaping the nation’s military legacy, from the Revolutionary War to the Civil War and beyond. The city’s strategic location and its role as a port made it a key battleground and supply hub during these conflicts. Additionally, Savannah’s military history showcases the evolution of military technology and innovation, from the Central of Georgia Railway to the USS Savannah.
Are there any guided tours available for exploring Savannah’s military history?
+Yes, several tour companies in Savannah offer guided tours focused on the city’s military history. These tours typically visit key sites, such as Fort Pulaski, Battlefield Memorial Park, and the Savannah History Museum, providing in-depth insights into Savannah’s military past. Some tours may also include visits to lesser-known sites and offer unique perspectives on the city’s military legacy.
Can I visit any active military installations in Savannah?
+While you cannot visit active military installations in Savannah, you can learn about their role and impact on the city through educational programs and community events. Hunter Army Airfield, for example, hosts open houses and community events that provide an opportunity to learn more about its operations and its connection to Savannah’s military history.
